Hi

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Try this untested code. You have to define the color depending upon the other cells.

Code:
Dim Cell As Range
Dim mergedRange As Range

For Each Cell In ActiveSheet.Range("A1:Y160")
  If Cell.MergeCells = False Then
    Select Case True
      Case Cell.Interior.ColorIndex = 15
           Cell.Locked = True
      Case Else
           Cell.Locked = False
    End Select
  Else
    Set mergedRange = Cell.MergeArea
    
    Select Case mergedRange.Address(0, 0)
        Case "F6:O6"
            If Range("L4").Value = "Whatever" Then
                mergedRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 15    'adjust the color index
                mergedRange.Locked = True
            Else
                mergedRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 15    'adjust the color index
                mergedRange.Locked = True
            End If
        Case "Q126"
            'same as above
        
        Case Else
            Select Case True
              Case mergedRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 15
                   mergedRange.Locked = True
              Case Else
                   mergedRange.Locked = False
            End Select
  End If
Next